Ferdinand’s future was assured when he came of age, in 1466, and when he was named king of Sicily, in 1468, in order to impress the court of Castile, where his father ultimately wished to place him. In portraits, King Ferdinand II appears with soft, well-proportioned features, a small, sensual mouth, and pensive eyes. This policy of modernization included a ban against all religions other than Roman Catholicism. Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League of Cambrai soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand II became suspicious of French intentions. Catherine of Aragon was born on December 16, 1485, to King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile at the ‘Archbishop's Palace’ in Alcalá de Henares near Madrid. The Arms quarter the arms of Castile and León with the arms of Aragon and Aragonese Sicily, the last combining the arms of Aragon with the black eagle of the Hohenstaufen of Sicily.[18]. Ferdinand and Isabella established a highly effective cosovereignity under equal terms. Ferdinand forced all Muslims in Castile and Aragon to convert, converso Moriscos, to Catholicism, or else be expelled. Diego Fernández de Córdova, 1st Lord of Baena, 29. Under the responsibility of kingship he had to conceal his stronger passions and adopt a cold, impenetrable mask. As a consequence of his marriage to Isabella I, he was King of Castile jure uxoris as Ferdinand V from 1474 until her death in 1504. They had five surviving children including Juana, called la … The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes with successive Kings of France over control of Italy, the so-called Italian Wars. Others despised him for having oppressed them. Once more in Castile, he managed his European policy so as to obtain a hegemony that would serve his expansionary ends in the Mediterranean and in Africa. He became jure uxoris King of Castile when Isabella succeeded her deceased brother in 1474 to be crowned as Queen Isabella I of Castile. Emeritus Professor of Church History, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain. (As Spanish ruler of southern Italy, he was also known as Ferdinand III of Naples and Ferdinand II of Sicily.) That same year John II died, and Ferdinand succeeded to the Aragonese throne. Ferdinand II served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. Despite the political nature of the union, he loved Isabella sincerely. Ferdinand II of Aragon Ferdinand II (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516), called the Catholic, was in his own right the King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479. His will indicates that he died with a clear conscience, ordering that his body be moved to Granada and buried next to that of his wife Isabella, so that they might be reunited for eternity. Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand V of Castile) (1452 – 1516) King of Aragon who, by marriage to Queen Isabella of Castile, established the kingdom of Spain. He had a son, Alfonso de Aragon (born in 1469), who later became Archbishop of Saragossa, and a daughter Joanna (born in 1471), who married Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 1st Duke of Frías. Young Catherine obtained formal education from Alessandro Geraldini who taught her various subjects. He had a clear, strong voice. Isabella and Ferdinand's achievements were remarkable: Spain was united, or at least more united than it ever had been; the crown power was centralised, at leas… Ferdinand destroyed over ten thousand Arabic manuscripts in Granada alone, burning them. Ferdinand had no apparent bent for formal studies, but he was a patron of the arts and a devotee of vocal and instrumental music. In 1502, the members of the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Zaragoza, and Parliaments of the Kingdom of Valencia and the Pincipaute of Catalonia in Barcelona, as members of the Crown of Aragon, swore an oath of loyalty to their daughter Joanna as heiress, but Alonso de Aragón, Archbishop of Saragossa, stated firmly that this oath was invalid and did not change the law of succession which could only be done by formal legislation by the Cortes with the King. In 1504, after a war with France, he became King of Naples as Ferdinand III, reuniting Naples with Sicily for the first time since 1458. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Marriage to Isabella and unification of Spain, The Spanish Inquisition, conquest of Granada, and voyages of Columbus, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-king-of-Spain, Heritage History - Biography of Ferdinand the Catholic, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Ferdinand II. Under Ferdinand II, Aragon continued in its battle for the Navarrese, first by supporting the Agramont-backed candidate John de Foix or the throne (even going as far as marrying John’s youngest sister Leonor de Foix), then later after John’s death, utilizing Leonor’s claim … Inés de Ayala y Toledo, 3rd Lady of Casarrubios del Monte, 31. After Philip's death in 1506, with Joanna supposedly mentally unstable, and her and Philip's son, the future Emperor Charles V, was only six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, the Chancellor of the Kingdom. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Before she became Isabella II of Spain... Isabella I of Castile was born on April 22, 1451, and died November 26, 1504 in Medina del Campo, a place in the municipality of Valladolid. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Ferdinand II ( Aragonese: Ferrando II; Catalan: Ferran II; Basque: Errando II; Spanish: Fernando II; 10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516) was King of Aragon from 1479 to his death and by marriage King of Castile (as Ferdinand V) from 1474 to 1504, reigning over a dynastically unified Spain jointly with his wife Isabella I. They utilized a prenuptial agreement to lay down their terms. Alfonso Enriquez, 1st Lord of Medina de Rio Seco, 26. He lies, the fool; I have deceived him ten times and more." This was the only occasion on which Ferdinand allowed passion to obscure his political sense, and lead him into acts which tended to undo his work of national unification. The main architect behind the Spanish Inquisition was King Ferdinand II. In 1461, in the midst of a bitterly contested succession, John II named him heir apparent and governor of all his kingdoms and lands. Spanish Monarch. Instead, the 'Holy League' was formed, in which now all the powers joined together against Louis XII and France. But he also suffered a succession of tragedies: the heir apparent and his eldest daughter both died, and the first symptoms of insanity appeared in his daughter Juana. In November 1511 Ferdinand II and his son-in-law King Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging mutual aid between the two against Navarre and France ahead of the Castilian invasion of Navarre as of July 1512. He had made Spain the most powerful country in Europe. He united the Spanish kingdoms into the nation of Spain and began Spain’s entry into the modern period of imperial expansion. Isabella as portrayed in Isabel (2012) (Screenshot/Fair Use) The future Queen Isabella I of Castile had made a daring choice by marrying the future King Ferdinand II of Aragon against the wishes of her half-brother King Henry IV of Castile and even proudly displayed the bloodstained sheets to the waiting officials after the wedding night. In the spring months he directed the campaign against the kingdom of Granada, showing his military talent to good effect, and he conquered the kingdom inch by inch, winning its final capitulation on January 2, 1492. Browse 105 ferdinand ii of aragon stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Juana Meléndez de Orozco, 2nd Lady of Pinto, Anna died at birth (twin of Maria) [1482]. In addition to participating in court life, the young prince saw battle during the Catalonian wars. In 1513 Ferdinand’s health began to decay, although he was still able to direct his international policy and to prepare the succession of his grandson, the future emperor Charles V. In early 1516 he began a trip to Granada; he stopped in Madrigalejo, the little site of the sanctuary of Guadalupe, where he died. In 1505, to secure his position in Castile, Ferdinand signed a contract to marry Germaine de Foix, niece of the king of France. That year he also fought the final war with Granada which expunged the last Islamic state on Spanish soil, thus bringing to a close the centuries-long Reconquista. During the months of rest from war, he visited his kingdoms, learning their geography and problems firsthand. Biography. Omissions? Isabella(? Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]—died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). Author of. The court of Aragon dreamed of a return to Castile, and Isabella needed help to gain succession to the throne. During their reign they supported each other effectively in accordance to his joint motto of equality: "Tanto monta [or monta tanto], Isabel como Fernando" ("They amount to the same, Isabel and Ferdinand"). He had a clear, strong voice. Spain’s King Ferdinand II’s 500-year-old secret letters decoded. Ferdinand II of Aragon was a warrior and campaigning king whose marriage to Isabella I of Castile unified Spain and lead to the expulsion of the last remaining Moors in Spain. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513. Ferdinand II (Aragonese: Ferrando, Catalan: Ferran, Spanish: Fernando,) (10 March 1452 - 23 January 1516), called the Catholic, was King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479 until his death. He married the princess Isabella of Castile in Valladolid in October 1469. Finally, the Castilian Regent, Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, and the Castilian and Aragonese Cortes paid homage to him [15] as King of Aragon jointly with his mother.[16]. A son, John, Prince of Girona, was born, but died within hours. He united the Spanish kingdoms into the nation of Spain. Isabella and Ferdinand's achievements were remarkable: Spain was united, or at least more united than it ever was, the crown power was centralized, at least in name, the reconquista was successfully concluded, the groundwork for the most dominant military machine of the next century and a half was laid, a legal framework was created, the church reformed. Ferdinand, also known as Fernando, was born in Sos, Spain, the son of Juana Enríquez and Juan II, King of Aragon and Navarre. Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on the Neapolitan throne. Found in the Collection of Ayuntamiento de Sevilla. 10 March 1452–23 January 1516 (Age 63) Sos del Rey Católico, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain The Life of Fernando II When Rey Fernando II de Aragón was born on 10 March 1452, in Sos del Rey Católico, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, his father, Juan II de Aragón y I de Sicilia Rey de Navarra, was 53 and his mother, Juana Enríquez de Cordoba, was 27. As a consequence of his marriage to Isabella I, he was King of Castile as Ferdinand V from 1474 until her death in 1504. Ferdinand had an imposing personality but was never very genial. It is not known what Ferdinand thought of Columbus or how he judged his plans, nor can it be stated that the first trip was financed from Aragon; the sum of 1,157,000 maravedis came from the funds of the Santa Hermandad (“Holy Brotherhood”). She quickly bore him children: the infanta Isabella was born in 1470; the heir apparent, Juan, in 1478; and the infantas Juana (called Juana la Loca—Joan the Mad), Catalina (later called—as the first wife of Henry VIII of England—Catherine of Aragon), and María followed. 4th cousin 5 times removed via Diego Gomez de Toledo. Charles I (to later become Holy Roman Emperor Charles V) became the King of Aragon in 1516, with his mother Joanna as Queen in name, upon Ferdinand's death. He was wounded in Barcelona in 1493, but this was unimportant compared with the family injuries he suffered, which culminated in the death of Isabella in 1504, “the best and most excellent wife king ever had.”. So far, you have been introduced to the lives of Fernando and Isabella, been given a sneak peek at their previous lives before both taking the Spanish throne, been educated in the major points - good and bad - of their supreme reign, have delved into the customs and cultural workings and in’s-and-out’s of the medieval Spanish court... and now this trip into the past will wrap itself up with a little chat about the legacy that King Fernando and Queen Isabella of … His literary descriptions are more complicated, although they agree in presenting him as good-looking, of medium height, and a good rider, devoted to games and to the hunt. The events of this period bring out the young king’s character more clearly. The succession of his grandson The marriage began, however, with almost continual separation. Ferdinand II, byname Ferdinand the Catholic, Spanish Fernando el Católico, (born March 10, 1452, Sos, Aragon [Spain]—died January 23, 1516, Madrigalejo, Spain), king of Aragon and king of Castile (as Ferdinand V) from 1479, joint sovereign with Queen Isabella I. Catalonia-Wikipedia. In 1501, following the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his succession by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII, who had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan, to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi, including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria. [5] He was recognised as regent of Castile for his daughter and heir, Joanna, from 1508 until his own death. Ferdinand was the son of John II of Aragon by his second wife, the Aragonese noblewoman Juana Enriquez.He married Infanta Isabella, the sister by a different mother of Henry IV of Castile, on 19 October 1469 in Ocaña.He became Ferdinand V of Castile when Isabella succeeded her brother as Queen of Castile in 1474. 1492-01-02 Muhammad XII, the last Emir of Granada, surrenders his city to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile, ending both the Reconquista and centuries of Muslim rule in the Iberian peninsula; 1492-03-31 Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon issue the Alhambra Decree which expels Jews from their kingdoms King Ferdinand II is known for uniting the Spanish kingdoms into the nation of Spain, supporting the Spanish Inquisition (1478–1834), sponsoring Christopher Columbus’s voyages of exploration across the Atlantic Ocean, and commencing Spain’s entry into the modern period of imperial expansion. 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