the great salt lake

Due to its shallowness, the water level can fall dramatically in dry years and rise during high-precipitation years, thereby reflecting prolonged drought or wet periods. Stansbury also published a formal report of his survey work which became very popular. Salt Lake City is located in a dramatic valley surrounded by high mountains on three sides and the Great Salt Lake to the northwest. [56] The extremely high methylmercury concentrations have been only in the lake's anoxic deep brine layer (monimolimnion) below a depth of 20 feet (6.1 m), but concentrations are also moderately high up in the water column where there is oxygen to support brine shrimp and brine flies. [64] Brine shrimp were first harvested during the 1950s and sold as commercial fish food. Salinity differences between the sections of the lake separated by the railroad causeway result in significantly different biota. The causeway obstructed the normal mixing of the waters of the lake because there were only three 100-foot (30 m) breaches. [19], The Utah Geological Survey, on the other hand, states "the lake contains 11 recognized islands, although this number varies depending on the level of the lake. [77] [77] Garfield Beach was the most popular Salt Lake resort until Saltair was built in 1893. With 10,000 miles of shoreline it can be one of the most rewarding places to paddle in North America. The State of Utah operates a marina on the south shore of the lake at Great Salt Lake State Park, and another in Antelope Island State Park. Schedule of Events ; Tickets On Sale Now! The northern arm of the lake has a much higher salinity, to the point that the native brine shrimp cannot survive in its waters. The current Saltair serves as a concert venue. Brine flies live on the lake's shorelines and can be annoying. At the time of opening of the causeway the north-west arm was nearly 3 feet (90 cm) lower than the southern arm. There are twenty-seven private duck clubs, seven state waterfowl management areas, and a large federal bird refuge on the Great Salt Lake's shores. The cysts will hatch at 2 to 3% salinity, but the greatest productivity is at salinities above about 10%. A new pavilion was built and the resort was expanded at the same location by new investors, but after several years, it was destroyed by arson in 1970.[74]. Salt Lake Mitsubishi specializes in the following: Selection of New Mitsubishi Outlanders, Outlander Sports, Mirage, and the new Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross. BOX ELDER COUNTY, Utah — A strong magnitude 3.4 earthquake hit directly under the Great Salt Lake Tuesday. Antelope Island offers clean beaches, a visitor center, marina, historic ranch house, bison and camping. [72], Three resorts, each called Saltair, have been operated on the southern shore of the lake since 1893, each one built as a successor to the previous one. [37], Although the pumps are no longer in use, they have been kept in place in case the level of the Great Salt Lake ever rises that high again.[38]. The Great Salt Lake is a remnant of a much larger prehistoric lake called Lake Bonneville. Shortly thereafter other trappers saw it and walked around it. Continual evaporation concentrates the minerals. [34], In the early 1930s there was a project to dam off a third of the lake with dikes on the east side north of Salt Lake City to make a fresh water reservoir for drinking and irrigation. It covered 165 by 400 feet (50 by 122 m) and included 300 feet (91 m) of covered deck. The Great Salt Lake is the largest natural lake west of the Mississippi River. Willard Bay, also known as Willard Bay Reservoir or Arthur V. Watkins Reservoir is a fresh water reservoir, completed in 1964, which separated, drained, and subsequently filled with fresh water from the Weber River, a portion of the Great Salt Lake's northeastern arm. The Garfield Beach Resort was established by Captain Thomas Douris in 1881 and was originally called Garfield Landing. While we missed hosting you in 2020, we look forward to providing you a top tier Festival experience this year in a safe and socially distanced manner. The salinity of the water averages about 12%, making it much saltier than the ocean. In 1824, it was observed, apparently independently, by Jim Bridger and Etienne Provost. As water levels rise and fall, mercury accumulation does as well. Due to the high density resulting from its mineral content, swimming in the Great Salt Lake is similar to floating. This route runs east/west so plan your sunrise/sunset timing. Salt Lake's Olympic Legacy. [5] In the 1880s Grove Karl Gilbert predicted that the lake – then in the middle of many years of recession – would virtually disappear except for a small remnant between the islands. Excellent views of the lake are available from: One of the local Shoshone tribes, the Western Goshute tribe, referred to the lake as Pi'a-pa, meaning "big water", or Ti'tsa-pa, meaning "bad water".[8][9]. Winds coming off the lake can carry a "lake stench" at some times of the year. [31][32] More salt is added yearly via rivers and streams, though the amount is much less than the relict salt from Bonneville. [42] Wetland/wildlife management areas include the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge; Gillmor Sanctuary; Great Salt Lake Shorelands Preserve; Salt Creek, Public Shooting Grounds, Harold Crane, Locomotive Springs, Ogden Bay, Timpie Springs, and Farmington Bay Waterfowl Management Areas. Antelope Island beaches are relatively free of brine flies. [76] After the expansion of the resort, the General Garfield was replaced by two steamers, the Susie Riter and the Whirlwind. [49] Populations of brine shrimp are mostly restricted to the lake's south arm. This species today occurs only in California, however, at that time the name C. luteus was applied to plants that later were named C. nuttallii[44][45] A yellow-flowered Calochortus was first named as a variety of C. nuttallii but was later separated into a new species C. aureus. (801) 725-9263 Visitor's Center Because no rivers, except a few minor streams, flow directly into the north-west arm, Gunnison Bay, it is substantially saltier than the rest of the lake. Salt Lake City's Great Outdoors Salt Lake City is bordered by mountains to the east and water to the west. Several businesses extract table salt and other chemicals from the lake water. According to the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Geological Survey, "there are eight named islands in the lake that have never been totally submerged during historic time. Utah Travel Some Indians and early settlers thought the lake was inhabited by a terrible monster with an enormous head. The Bonneville Salt Flats are to the west, and the Oquirrh and Stansbury Mountains rise to the south. [2] In an average year the lake covers an area of approximately 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2),[2] but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. Seven islands are in the southern portion of the lake and four in the northwestern portion."[20]. [24] For comparison, the average salinity of the world ocean is 3.5% (35 parts per thousand)[33] and 33.7% in the Dead Sea. Many people also kayak on the lake. The ionic composition is similar to seawater, much more so than the Dead Sea's water; compared to the ocean, Great Salt Lake's waters are slightly enriched in potassium and depleted in calcium. The iconic General Garfield was moored to the dock as a landmark. Great Salt Lake Bird Festival 2021 May 13-16, 2021. The Great Salt Lake Shorelands Preserve spans 4,400 acres of wetlands and uplands habitat along the eastern edge of the Great Salt Lake—one of Utah’s most unique natural treasures. With the construction of a 180-foot-long (55 m) bridge, creating an opening of the causeway for water to flow between the arms of the lake, water levels have begun to equalize. (801) 773-2941 Entrance Gate Magna, UT 84044 This project consists of a pumping station (41°15′9.28″N 113°4′53.31″W / 41.2525778°N 113.0814750°W / 41.2525778; -113.0814750) at Hogup Ridge, containing three pumps with a combined capacity of moving 1,500,000 US gallons per minute (95 m3/s); an inlet canal; and an outlet canal. Historic Temple Square. [21] When the water levels are low, Antelope Island becomes connected to the shore as a peninsula, as do Goose Islands, Browns Island,[22] and some of the other islands. It's a subregion of the larger Great Basin Desert, and noted for white evaporite Lake Bonneville salt deposits including the Bonneville Salt Flats. [10] John Fremont's overly glowing reports of the area were published shortly after his expedition. Some rainstorms may also be partially attributed to the lake effect in fall and spring. This is a great opportunity for your church, service club, or place of business to get involved. Best Mexican Restaurants in Salt Lake City, Utah: Find Tripadvisor traveler reviews of Salt Lake City Mexican restaurants and search by price, location, and more. From largest to smallest, they are Antelope Island, Stansbury Island, Fremont Island, Carrington Island, Dolphin Island, Cub Island, and Badger Island, and various rocks, reefs, or shoals with names like Strongs Knob, Gunnison Island, Goose, Browns, Hat (Bird), Egg Island, Black Rock, and White Rock. [67] Industrial debris from this field remained in place near Spiral Jetty until a cleanup effort by the Division of Oil, Gas and Mining and the Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands was completed in December 2005.[68]. The Great Salt Lake’s lakebed is about 1,700 square miles, so more than 10 times bigger than Owens. Salinities in these bays can approach that of fresh water when the spring snow melt occurs, and this allows a variety of bacteria, algae and invertebrates to proliferate in the nutrient-rich water. The three major rivers are each fed directly or indirectly from the Uinta Mountain range in northeastern Utah. Fish and Wildlife Service researchers discovered a high level of methylmercury in the Great Salt Lake with 25 nanograms per liter of water. [43] The islands within the Great Salt Lake also provide habitat for lizard and mammalian wildlife and a variety of plant species. Movie Theaters. He escaped from Salt Lake City's Tracy Aviary in 1987 and lived in the wild, eating brine shrimp and socializing with gulls and swans. The toxic metal shows up throughout the lake's food chain, from brine shrimp to eared grebes and cinnamon teal. Hours: 7am-7pm (Park gates close at sunset. Morton Salt, Cargill Salt, Broken Arrow Salt and the Renco Group's U.S. Magnesium each extract minerals from the southern bay, and could benefit from a more natural mixture of water between the two sides of the lake.[69]. Because of the Great Salt Lake's high salinity, it has few fish, but they do occur in Bear River Bay and Farmington Bay when spring runoff brings fresh water into the lake. Dramatically fluctuating lake levels have inhibited the creation and success of tourist-related developments. They improved the site by adding an array of bathhouses, a restaurant, and other amenities like a bowling alley. ", "Union Pacific causeway upgrade proposal could change colors of the Great Salt Lake", "Resorts flourished at Great Salt Lake during the 1800s", "The Steamboat Era Was Glamorous But Very Brief in Utah", "Pink Water, White Salt Crystals, Black Boulders, and the Return of, "What are the round, white sand grains that make up the beaches? At the current level the Great Salt Lake is approximately 75 miles long and about 35 miles wide. The present lake is about 75 miles long and 35 miles wide, with a maximum depth of 33 feet. Although it has been called "America's Dead Sea",[3] the lake provides a habitat for millions of native birds, brine shrimp, shorebirds, and waterfowl, including the largest staging population of Wilson's phalarope in the world.[4]. Swimming and sunbathing are popular on the clean, white sand beaches at Antelope Island State Park. A phytoplankton community dominated by green algae or cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) tint the water south of the causeway a greenish color. The change in the level of lake level is strongly modulated by the Pacific Ocean through atmospheric circulations that fluctuate at low frequency. The water level is also affected by the amount of water flow diverted for agricultural and urban uses. Water levels in the lake are far from constant. [65] The amount of cysts and the quality are affected by several factors, but salinity is most important. Motors not rated for saltwater need to be flushed carefully after use. Since the Great Salt Lake is a shallow lake with gently sloping shores around all edges except on the south side, small variations in the water level greatly affect the extent of the shoreline. [2] Bonneville reached 923 ft (281 m) at its deepest point,[5][6] and covered much of present-day Utah and small portions of Idaho and Nevada during the ice ages of the Pleistocene Epoch. [31], The salinity of the lake's main basin, Gilbert Bay, is highly variable and depends on the lake's level; it ranges from 5 to 27% (50 to 270 parts per thousand). [52] Wildlife biologists resisted these efforts, saying that deliberate introduction of a non-native species would be ecologically unsound and might have detrimental consequences. A weir in the dike at the southern end of the Newfoundland Mountains regulated the level of water in the basin, and it sometimes returned salty water from the evaporation basin into the main body of the Great Salt Lake. They don't bite but often swarm around humans. A solitary Chilean flamingo, named Pink Floyd after the English rock band, wintered at the Great Salt Lake. [18], Categorically stating the number of islands is difficult, as the method used to determine what is an island is not necessarily the same in each source. Lambourne left the island early in the winter of 1896 along with the first group of guano sifters.[12]. Stansbury, Carrington, and Hat Islands are extensions of the Stansbury mountain range, and Strongs Knob is an extension of the Lakeside Mountains which run along the lake's western shore. It was the larger of the two lakes that appeared on Miera's map. Olympic Venues. The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah. The lake lies in parts of five counties: Box Elder, Davis, Tooele, Weber, and Salt Lake. In 1983, when the lake reached its historic high, it flooded houses, farmland and the nearby freeway. Dolphin Island, Gunnison Island, Cub Island, and Strongs Knob are in the northwestern arm. Fish live in the freshwater marshes and inlets, but no fish species can survive in the lake's salty water. During its recorded low in 1963, some of the lake's 10 major islands became peninsulas. Emmanuel Domenech, Howard Stansbury, Jules Rémy) noted an abundance of yellow-flowered "onions" on several of the islands, which they identified as Calochortus luteus. The Jordan River does not receive its water directly from the Uintas, rather it flows from freshwater Utah Lake, which itself is fed primarily by the Provo River; the Provo River does originate in the Uintas, a few miles from the Weber and Bear. ", "Utah's Great Salt Lake: An Undervalued Resource", "R657-15: Closure of Gunnison, Cub and Hat Islands", "Digital Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Utah", "Brine Shrimp and Ecology of Great Salt Lake", "Study says mercury in Great Salt Lake is global problem", "Floyd may get some pink feathered friends", "Toxic mercury lurking in Great Salt Lake", "High mercury levels found in two duck species", "Great Salt Lake causeway sinks, prompting emergency repairs", "Great Salt Lake an economic powerhouse for the state", "What minerals are produced from Great Salt Lake? [76][79], Satellite photo from August 2018 after years of, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Great Salt Lake: A Lively Recreational Jewel", "Great Tales Surrounding the Great Salt Lake", "USGS Surface-Water Daily Data for the Nation", "Commonly Asked Questions About Utah's Great Salt Lake and Ancient Lake Bonneville", "Lake has great impact on storms, weather", "Great Salt Lake Annual Level Prediction", https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie50023a005, "Aim To Change Great Salt Lake Into Fresh Water", "Fact Sheet: West Desert Pumping Project", "Great Salt Lake, UT: What Shorebird Species Use This Site? A few aquatic animals live in the lake's main basin, including centimeter-long brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). [73], The first Saltair pavilion was destroyed by fire on April 22, 1925. In 1887 the resort was purchased by the Utah and Nevada railroad. The Great Salt Lake entered written European history through the records of Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, who learned of its existence from the Timpanogos Utes in 1776. Visit Salt Lake Connect Pass. [75] The new resort was completed in 1981, approximately a mile (1600 m) west of the original. [2] In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region. (801) 828-0787 Visitor's Center Oil seeps in the area had been known since the late 19th century, and attempts at production began in 1904. For comparison, a fish consumption advisory was issued at the Florida Everglades after water there was found to contain 1 nanogram per liter. The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere,[1] and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In 1843, John C. Fremont led the first scientific expedition to the lake, but with winter coming on, he did not take the time to survey the entire lake. [76] The resort was the Salt Lake's first to have an electric generator which powered its many concerts, and parties held atop the pavilion tower. It has been stated that this does not pose a risk to other recreational users of the lake. [50], Great Salt Lake contributes an estimated $1.3 billion annually to Utah's economy,[61] including $1.1 billion from industry (primarily mineral extraction), $136 million from recreation, and $57 million from the harvest of brine shrimp. These marshes account for approximately 75% of the wetlands in Utah. Escalante had been on the shores of Utah Lake, which he named Laguna Timpanogos. [21] The lake is deepest in the area between these island chains, measured by Howard Stansbury in 1850 at about 35 feet (10.7 meters) deep, and an average depth of 13 feet (four meters). [57], The finding of high mercury levels prompted further studies[58] and a health advisory warning hunters not to eat common goldeneye or northern shoveler, two species of duck found in the lake. Access to Hat, Gunnison, and Cub islands is strictly limited by the State of Utah in an effort to protect nesting colonies of American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). [77] The success of Garfield Beach eventually overtook the neighboring Black Rock resort. As its name suggests, it’s saline. In an average year the lake covers an area of approximately 1,700 square miles (4,400 km 2), but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. Although brine shrimp can be found in the arm of the lake north of the causeway, studies conducted by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources indicate that these are likely transient. [24] Dissolved ions do not necessarily increase or decrease in step with changes of total dissolved solids. With the opening of the bridge, the salinity of northern arm of the lake will likely drop as less saline water from the southern arm of the lake flows into the northern arm. Located near Black Rock outside of the town of Corinne, patrons traveled to the resort via the steamboat General Garfield. 1-800-322-3770 RV Camping Reservations The Great Salt Lake and its islands provide outstanding scenery and recreational opportunities in northern Utah. The rest are in the southern portion of the Great Salt Lake. In the city itself, a network of paved jogging trails allows locals to stay active throughout the year. ", "WHALE OF A SALTY TALE SWIMS THROUGH PAGES OF OLD PAPER", Monitoring the Weather over the Great Salt Lake, Commonly Asked Questions About Utah's Great Salt Lake and Ancient Lake Bonneville, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Salt_Lake&oldid=1016769363, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 16 ft (4.9 m), when lake is at average level, 33 ft (10 m) average, high of 45 ft (14 m) in 1987, low of 24 ft (7.3 m) in 1963, historical average of 4,200 feet (1,283 m), 4,192.9 feet (1,277 m) as of 2017 November 17, This page was last edited on 8 April 2021, at 23:44. Near-record low water levels on the Great Salt Lake are forcing boats to be pulled from the Great Salt Lake Marina. The Great Salt Lake. [66] The oil field at Rozel Point produced an estimated 10,000 barrels (1,600 m3) of oil from 30 to 50 wells, but has been inactive since the mid-1980s. Freshwater showers are available to rinse off after swimming. Lambourne included musings about these guano sifters in his work. From November 1895 to March 1896, he was alone. Seven other species of duck were studied and found to have levels of mercury below EPA guidelines, thus being determined safe to eat. A railroad line – the Lucin Cutoff – runs across the lake, crossing the southern end of Promontory Peninsula. Fight poverty today! No European name was given to it at the time, and it was not shown on the map by Bernardo Miera y Pacheco, the cartographer for the expedition. Several islands in the lake provide critical nesting areas for various birds. Frequently Asked Questions. [62] Mineral-extraction companies operating on the lake pay royalties on their products to the State of Utah, which owns the lake. Trails on Antelope Island On December 1, 2016, the opening of new 180-foot-long (55 m) bridge allowed water to flow from the southern arm of the lake into the north-west arm. Due to the warm waters of the Great Salt Lake, lake-effect snowfalls are frequent phenomena in the surrounding area. The additional water allowed the levels of both arms of the lake to rise,[18] and at least for the near future the conditions for a healthy brine shrimp population seem good. The dry Oquirrh Mountains to the southwest of the city have peaks to above 10,000 feet. The Great Salt Lake. Provide much needed funding to advance programs that help the homeless. Garfield Beach eventually overtook the neighboring Black Rock resort mid-1990s, U.S. Geological and... Call the Park visitor center or Entrance Station for a fee of $.! 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